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BRASOV / KRONSTADT
The oldest traces of human activity and settlements in Brasov date back to the Neolithic Age (culture Schneckenberg, Tei and Noua), besides the traces their names applied to Bronze Age relates the real Age of this habitation. Archaeologists, discovered continuous traces of human settlements of Dacian temples in the area of Pietrele lui Solomon Valea Cetatii, Dealul Melcilor.
In the Medieval Age the inhabitants of this space - Saxons, Romanians and Hungarians - will contribute to the developement of the town and many markets, citadels, fortresses or villages. Today's city developed as different nuclei united into a town: Bartholomae, Martinsberg, Citadel (Corona), Schei, Blumana, Noua, Darste, Stupini. The town was known also as Brassu, Brasu, Brasov, The city of Stalin, Kronstadt in German and Brasso in Hungarian language.
Thanks to its geographical position and the good connections to Moldavia and Valachia, Brasov will grow economically fast, becoming one of the most important centres of Transylvania.

The traders of Brasov will have special trade privileges with the other Romanian counties. The free right of bringing goods there will help them develop a very strong craftsmen community. In the year 1839 the town with its belonged villages registrated 22.886 inhabitants: 9.116 (39,8 %) Germans, 8.493 (32,7 %) Romanians and Greeks, 4.364 Hungarians and Szekelys (23,5 %), 789 Gipsies (3,5 %), 119 others (0,5 %). In the year 1786 there were 43 corporations and 1227 craftsmen, grouped according to their field of activity. The craftsmen and traders were the most influential people in Brasov. The economical welfare of the city will make Brasov develop into an architectural jewel. The most important historical monuments were built in that period: The Old City Hall, Podul Batusilor (today hosting the Cerbul Carpatian restaurant), The Old Granary (today the lovely Bistrot de l'Arte), the Black Church (14th century), and the St. Nicolae Church in Scheii Brasovului.
The 14th century will bring the Turkish armies just South of the Danube River. They will frequently attack the region of Brasov. This situation determined the citizens of Brasov to start building a strong defensive city wall, fortresses and towers; the work will last till the 18th century. The town will be now one of the strongest cities in Transylvania. The various guilds had each its own towers and fortresses that they would have to maintain and defend throughout the centuries. Today you may see parts of the old city walls or visit the Weavers' Fortress (currently a museum).
The culture of Brasov will also develop during this period. Johannes Honterus, a great German humanist will work for most of his time in Brasov, and the deacon Coresi will print the first Romanian books here. Therefore in the 16th century Brasov will host several schools, libraries, and printing houses.

1688 will be one of the toughest years in the history of Brasov. It will have to fight in the same time with the uprising against the Austrian armies who were occupying Transylvania at the time, with a devastating fire that destroyed most of Brasov, and with outbreak of plague. Still hopeful, the citizens of Brasov will rapidly rebuild the city.
The 19th century, the age of progress, as we all know it, will mean a lot for Brasov. The city walls will be partly taken down, allowing a fast development. Manufacturers and factories will replace the old, conservative guilds. Once freed by medieval restraints, the trade will be better than ever for Brasov. This also helped a lot the development of education and media.
The German "Wochenblatt" and the Hungarian "Erdelyi Hirlap" founded in 1837, later "Gazeta de Transilvania", the first Romanian political newspaper in Transylvania from year 1838, were printed in Johanns Goett's printing establishment, issuing a literary review that will promote the writers and poets living in Transylvania.
The first half of the 20th century and especially the period following the 1st world war were times when Brasov became the second strongest economical centre of Romania. However the town was partly destroyed during the bombardments of the 2nd world war. Fortunately the town recovered every time things went wrong here, mainly because of the outstanding people living here. Thanks to them we are now able to live here and share this privilege with the visitors of the city.
Museums to visit: Art Museum Brasov (Muzeul de Arta Brasov), Fortress Museum of Tara Barsei in the Weawers Tower (Muzeul Fortificatiilor din Tara Barsei), Ethnographic Museum (Muzeul de Etnografie) First Romanian School Museum in Schei- is exhibited the first printed book in Romanian language (Muzeul primei scoli romanesti), History Museum in Casa Sfatului (Muzeul de Istorie), Muresenilor House (Casa Muresenilor), Graft Bastion(Bastionul Graft) White Tower (Turnul Alb), Black Tower (Turnul Negru) and of course the Black Church (Biserica Neagra), Saint Nicholas Orthodox Church (Biserica Sf. Nicolae).

Documentary movie - 15 EUR
Johann Schaas, curator of the Saxon church in Richiş (Germ. Reichesdorf, Reichersdorf, Hungarian Riomfalva) shares his beautiful memories using the Saxon dialect, about Transylvanian places that he loved and refused to leave, although it was against the historical constellation of the time. Documentary movie, 52 minutes. Subtitles: Romanian, English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian.















