The keep
The first great movement in the evolution of military architecture in Transylvania took place after the Tatar invasion of 1241. This mainly involved changing previous types of fortifications using wood and earth with construction in stone. In the first period, pressing events and the need to improve defensive systems caused the master carvers and masons to ignore the aesthetic aspects of their work in favour of a more swift building process.

The fortification

Surrounding the keep inhabited by Chyl's descendents an oval-shaped mantle wall was built. It was doubled by a ditch dug around it and included a tower towards the south and a gate-tower on the northern side. The workers who built it were probably from the village though a certain master carpenter called Henc of Câlnic is also reported to have worked in Alba Iulia.

The stronghold was restored from 1962 to 1964 and is now a centre for cultural and scientific events. Several documentary and art exhibitions have been organised on its premises and the chapel is used as a meeting room. The fortress of Câlnic is now on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Church on the Hill



The old parish house lies a short distance away from the stronghold. Built in the 16th century and later enlarged in 1779, this building opens up the way to the Church on the Hill. The church is surrounded by a cemetery and was built in the 15th century.

You can find more information about this church and many others on this CD dedicated to the fortified churches in Transylvania.